This book presents review articles in the study of genitourinary medicine. Topics include basic research that investigates the epigenetic mechanisms in urogenital cancers; the role of matrix metalloproteinases in urothelial cancers; the role of toll-like receptor genes in prostate cancers; recent emerging and novel treatment modalities in advanced metastatic renal cell and bladder carcinomas; novel mouse models for studying malformations in the genitourinary tract; the role of tissue engineering in genitourinary regenerative medicine; and clinical management of patients with Vesicoureteric reflux. Apart from the very well-known Wilms tumour (a form of paediatric hereditary kidney tumours), little is known about paediatric nephritic syndrome and their genetic causes and clinical manifestations. Hence, a special chapter has been included that describes the recent genetic technologies that identify gene mutations in patients with paediatric nephritic syndrome. The specific gene mutations found in these patients are often associated with rapid renal failures, disease progression and poor survival outcome. Each of the articles presented by authors from all over the world are renowned and experts in their own field of research. The authors are based either in research and/or a clinical setting and the articles are only a summary of the view points of each of these authors.