In recent years there has been an explosion of interest in wavelets, in a wide range of fields in science and engineering and beyond. This book brings together contributions from researchers from disparate fields, both in order to demonstrate to a wide readership the current breadth of work in wavelets, and to encourage cross-fertilization of ideas. It demonstrates the genuinely interdisplinary nature of wavelet research and applications. Particular areas covered include turbulence, statistics, time series analysis, signal and image processing, the physiology of vision, astronomy, economics and acoustics. Some of the work uses standard wavelet approaches and in other cases new methodology is developed. The papers were originally presented at a Royal Society Discussion Meeting, to a large and enthusiastic audience of specialists and non-specialists.