In this major re-interpretation of American history, John Rennie Short argues that until now, both writing about and popular understanding of, the exploration and mapping of the New World has largely ignored the pivotal role played by indigenous people. European mapping of the New World was the product of an exchange of information, a cartographic encounter' between newcomers and indigenous people. This encounter allowed Native Americans to parlay their deeper and wider knowledge of the land into a strong bargaining position, but in this very exchange lay the roots of the ultimate loss of their land. Based on extensive research, "Cartographic Encounters" will appeal to a general readership, specialists and students in the field of cartography, and those interested in the history of indigenous peoples. Both readable and considered, this new account of America's exploration will also force a radical change in how we view Western exploration and discovery in general.