With the maturing of mobile portable telephony and the emerging broadband access market, greater fiber transmission capacity will be essential in the early 21st century. Since the demand for more capacity drives the development of new optics-based technologies, fiber optics therefore remains a vibrant area for research. Mathematical Principles of Optical Fiber Communications is intended to support and promote interdisciplinary research in optical fiber communications by providing essential background in both the physical and mathematical principles of the discipline. Chapter topics include the basics of fibers and their construction, fiber modes and the criterion of single mode operation, the nonlinear Schroedinger equation, the variational approach to the analysis of pulse propagation, and, finally, solitons and some new results on soliton formation energy thresholds. These chapters are written to be as independent as possible while taking the reader to the frontiers of research on fiber optics communications.