At the end of World War II many European and Asian cities lay in ruins and in need of reconstruction, leaving millions of people homeless refugees. Urban Design Since 1945 details how this crisis was confronted by architects and urban planners. It examines the attempt to solve this problem through industrialization of housing and the machine city model on both sides of the Iron Curtain and charts the emergence of urban design as a distinct, fragmentary profession within the global network city in Europe, America, and Japan. Given the landscape of the near future, the book asks how planners will reach such goals as sustainable development, equity, and social justice.