In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the food sources, biological roles and health implications of oligosaccharides. Topics discussed in this compilation include functional oligosacchardes and their positive health benefits on the digestive system; prebiotic oligosaccharides; the role of human milk oligosaccharides in preventing respiratory infections in infants; alterations in the glycosylation patterns of alpha-1 glycoprotein in the diagnostic detection of breast cancer; production of oligosaccharides with low molecular weights, secoiridoids and phenolic glycosides from thermally treated olive by-products; supramolecular analytical applications of cyclodextrins and their derivatives using fluorescence spectroscopy; utilisation of soy oligosaccharides during fermentation by lactobacilli; impact of low oligosaccharide soybean meal on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens; lipo-oligosaccharides in Miller Fisher Syndrome; and oligosaccharides from ancient beverages fermented by symbiotic cultures.