When Cleveland's Cuyahoga River caught fire in 1969, no environmental measurements were necessary to know the seriousness of the problem. Incidents like the Cuyahoga fire raise an important question: Can catastrophes-in-the-making be detected early enough to be prevented? For those in industry, such disasters point to the need for measures that can improve the environmental performance of processes, products, business practices, and linked industrial systems.


In Measures of Environmental Performance and Ecosystem Condition, experts share their insights on environmental metrics. The volume explores the most productive relationship between measures of environmental performance and measures of ecosystem conditions. It reviews current approaches, evaluates structures for business decisionmaking, and includes a matrix for determining the environmental performance of industrial facilities. Case studies include:




Development and application of a water-quality rating scheme for streams and reservoirs in the Tennessee Valley.
Three years of successful experience with waste metrics at 3M.


The book covers the range of environmental performance and condition metrics, from the use of material flow data to monitor environmental performance at the national level to the use of bioassays to measure the toxicity of industrial effluents.


This book offers something for everyone—policymakers, executives, engineers, managers, and advocates—with a stake in the measurement of environmental performance and ecological conditions.

Table of Contents


Front Matter
Overview: Measures of Environmental Performance and Ecosystem Condition
Life-Cycle Analysis:
Net Energy Expenditure: A Method for Assessing the Environmental Impact of Technologies
Life-Cycle Analysis: The Role of Evaluation and Strategy
Defining the Environmentally Responsible Facility
Accounting Methods:
Measuring Pollution-Prevention Performance
Accounting for Natural Resources in Income and Productivity Measurements
Environmental Performance Standards for Farming and Ranching
Use of Materials Balances to Estimate Aggregate Waste Generation in the United States
National Material Metrics for Industrial Ecology
Information for Managers:
Environmental Measures: Developing an Environmental Decision-Support Structure
Bioassays:
A Critique of Effluent Bioassays
Insights from Ambient Toxicity Testing
Measuring Environmental Performance through Comprehensive River Studies
Biological Criteria for Water Resource Management
TVA's Approach to Ecological Health Assessment in Streams and Reservoirs
Biographical Data
Index