In 1993 and 1994, two Rapid Assessment Program teams conducted biological surveys in the Cordillera del Condor between Ecuador and Peru, one of the largest intact regions of Andean lower montane forest. This book presents the results of their surveys. The great topographical and geological complexity of this region, combined with a climate of year-round humidity, have resulted in very high plant species diversity. This diversity of habitats and species with restricted distributions makes the Condor an important refuge for many taxa.