The Renaissance, a vast cultural and ideological movement, was the period of intense literary, artistic and scientific creativity that involved Europe between the 14th and 16th centuries and marked the transformation from the medieval to a modern concept of the intellect. Some of the great names that made this artistic season so fertile are Masaccio, Brunelleschi, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raffaello, the Flemish masters Van Eyck and Van der Weyden, the artists of the school of Fontainebleau and the German painters Durer, Altdorfer, and Holbein.