This volume highlights the proceedings of the 7th International Congress of the International Society for Neuroimmunomodulation. The volume provides an overview current research in neural and endocrine mechanisms of immune regulation as well as the effects of peripheral and central immune responses on brain function. Of particular interest are the mechanisms by which local and systemic inflammation act upon the brain, and in turn, how the brain regulates inflammation via direct innervation and release of humoral factors. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/nyas . ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order ( www.nyas.org ). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.