This volume assesses the impact of various forms of transparency for different health care stakeholders, whether providers, consumers, insurers, or purchasers. The Affordable Care Act in the United States mandates various forms of price transparency, in part, as a means to encourage value-based purchasing and bundled payments. However, cost and operational transparency initiatives both in and outside the U.S. are of operational and strategic interest to both health care providers and executives. Through this volume, intended and unintended consequences of these emerging practices and policies can be clearly understood and evaluated.