This publication is a result of joint research on the convergence of inland navigation and IWRM, and it specifically focuses on the links between economic development and environmental security. The waterways between Bangladesh and north-eastern India provide an important means of cheap transport for bulk agricultural and other goods, but they have been affected by hydro-morphological processes and withdrawal of water which has reduced their navigability in many regions, especially during the dry season. Ensuring sustainable navigability through river improvement and conservation efforts is important in securing not just environmental outcomes but also social and economic benefits.