The efficiency of the process of trade liberalization and economic integration will determine the degree of success of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries in coping with global competition. The room for policy maneuvering is sufficiently wide to deserve attention, both externally in terms of negotiations on the terms of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements, and domestically with regards to policies, sequencing and incentives for restructuring and export growth. This volume provides an insightful analysis of the challenges and opportunities facing MENA in the light of multilateral and regional negotiations. Based on papers presented at the Fourth Mediterranean Development Forum, the volume highlights related tensions and tradeoffs, and proposes some policy directions to maximize on the potential gains from trade and Foreign Direct Investment in the context of the new economy.