This is a collectively written, inter-disciplinary, thematic, cross-national study. It combines conceptual, theoretical, empirical, and policy material in an ambitious and innovative way, exploring a key concept in contemporary European political, policy, and academic debates. The book clarifies the various ways that the concept of citizenship has developed historically and how it is understood today in a range of Western European welfare states. It elaborates on the contemporary framing of debates and struggles around citizenship. This provides a framework for three policy studies migration and multiculturalism, the care of young children, and home-based childcare and transnational dynamics. The book is unusual in weaving together the topics of migration and childcare and in studying these issues together within a gendered citizenship framework. It also demonstrates the value of a multi-level conceptualization of citizenship, stretching from the domestic sphere through the national