In the fall of 2010, the U.S. National Academies (consisting of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine) and the Russian Academy of Sciences (in cooperation with the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences) initiated a joint study of U.S.-Russian bilateral engagement in the biological sciences and biotechnology (hereinafter collectively referred to as bioengagement). The U.S. Department of State and the Russian Academy of Sciences provided support for the study. The academies established a joint committee of 12 leading scientists from the two countries to assess bioengagement activities since 1996 and to provide recommendations as to collaborative efforts in the near future. The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology: Recent Experience and Future Directions summarizes the principal conclusions and recommendations of the study.

Table of Contents


Front Matter
Summary
Introduction
1 Importance of U.S.-Russian Bioengagement
2 Ensuring Appropriate Use of Biological Assets
3 Advancing the Frontiers of Biological Research
4 Applications of Science in the Public and Private Sectors
5 Programs with Regional and Global Reaches
6 Impacts of Bilateral Programs and Projects
7 Impediments in Carrying Out Approved and Funded Collaborative Projects
8 Lessons Learned
9 Strategies and Coordination
10 Recommendations for Future Bioengagement
Appendix A: Available Resources
Appendix A.1: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members
Appendix A.2: Relevant Reports of National Academies, Books, and Other Publications
Appendix A.3: Organizations Consulted
Appendix B: Examples of U.S.-Russian Agreements of Special Relevance for Bioengagement
Appendix C: Activities in Bioengagement of Selected U.S. Government Departments and Agencies
Appendix C.1: Department of State
Appendix C.2: Defense Threat Reduction Agency
Appendix C.3: Department of Energy
Appendix C.4: Department of Health and Human Services (Biotechnology Engagement Program)
Appendix C.5: National Institutes of Health
Appendix C.6: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Appendix C.7: National Science Foundation
Appendix C.8: United States Agency for International Development
Appendix C.9: Environmental Protection Agency
Appendix C.10: Agricultural Research Service
Appendix C.11: Fish and Wildlife Service
Appendix D: Interest of Selected Russian Research Institutions with Active Bioengagement Programs
Appendix D.1: State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector
Appendix D.2: All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology
Appendix D.3: Research Institute of Influenza
Appendix D.4: Selected Institutes of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Appendix E: Activities of Other Organizations
Appendix E.1: Bilateral Presidential Commission
Appendix E.2: International Science and Technology Center
Appendix E.3: Skolkovo Foundation and Innovation Center
Appendix E.4: Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology
Appendix E.5: Rusnano and Other Russian Investors
Appendix F: Other Topics of Interest
Appendix F.1: U.S.-Russian Joint Peer-Reviewed Articles, Reviews, and Conference Proceedings (At least one Russian and one American author) (20002012)
Appendix F.2: Russian Research Personnel and Funding
Appendix F.3: Russia's Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Sectors
Appendix F.4: Assessment of Developments in Agrobiotechnology in the United States and Russia
Appendix F.5: Scientific Forum for Biomedical and Behavioral Research
Appendix F.6: Funding and Related Mechanisms