Recent years have seen much greater emphasis placed on the monitoring and measurement of sublethal aspects of pollution on fish. Tests and subsequent measurements have been made over the whole range of biological organisation - from the subcellular to changes at community structure level. Studies at the lower levels attract considerable scientific interest but, in many cases, it is still difficult to interpret the results of tests in terms of predicted harmful effects on individual fish. Conversely, it has been difficult to attribute the effects measured at higher levels to specific pollutants. This major new volume of immense scientific importance to fisheries managers, fish biologists, ecotoxicologists and those working in the area of fisheries and pollution, contains thirty-two papers presented at the Symposium hosted by the European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission. Contributions come from an international team of distinguished experts and, together, the papers represent a detailed overview of work which is currently being undertaken in this area. Unlike many Symposia which simply report proceedings, this volume integrates the results of various areas of research and offers solid recommendations for future research and control.