This volume contains commissioned reviews of research on biological influences on violent or aggressive behavior. The areas reviewed include genetic contributions to the probability of violent and related behaviors; brain structure and functioning as implicated in aggressive behavior; the roles of hormonal and neurological interactions in violent behavior; the neurochemistry of violence and aggression and its implications for the management of those behaviors; and dietary influences on violent behavior.


Table of Contents


Front Matter
GENETIC MECHANISMS
STUDIES OF HUMANS
STUDIES OF ANIMALS
Steroids
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine)
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - Benzodiazepine Receptors
NEUROANATOMIC APPROACH
NEUROPSYCHOLOGIC APPROACH
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGIC APPROACH
NEUROIMAGING APPROACH
HYPOGLYCEMIA, DIET, AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR
REFERENCES
ANIMAL STUDIES
INTRODUCTION
CHROMOSOMAL ANOMALIES
GENETICS AND PERSONALITY TRAITS
Juvenile Antisocial Behavior
NORWEGIAN TWIN STUDY
Danish Twin Study
Danish Adoption Studies
Swedish Adoption Study
Iowa Adoption Studies: Cadoret
VIOLENCE AND HUMAN GENETICS
Summary and Critical Overview of the Results
PROSPECTS FOR FUTURE HUMAN GENETIC RESEARCH
SOCIOBIOLOGY, EVOLUTIONARY THEORY, AND VIOLENCE
GENETICS, RACE, AND VIOLENCE
REFERENCES
The Neurobiology of Violence and Aggression
FELINE MODELS OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR ELICITED BY BRAIN STIMULATION
ORGANIZATION AND CONTROL OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN THE CAT
Afferent Connections
Efferent Connections
Afferent Connections
LIMBIC-MIDBRAIN MODULATION OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN THE CAT
NEUROPHARMACOLOGY OF AGGRESSION: THE OPIOID PEPTIDE SYSTEM
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS BASED ON DATA FROM STUDY OF FELINE MODELS
OF AGGRESSION
Adaptive Versus Maladaptive Violence and Aggression: Animal and
Human Models
Measuring the Dependent Variable
VIOLENCE IN PERSONS WITH NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
Schizophrenia
Epilepsy
Aggression as an Epileptic Equivalent
Violent Offenders - Nonsex Crimes
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) and Pharmacotherapy
Psychosurgical Treatment of Violent Offenders
Treatment of Violence - A Commentary
SOCIAL CLASS, AGE, AND GENDER RELATED TO VIOLENCE
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGIC STUDIES RELATED TO VIOLENCE
Neurodevelopmental Issues
Possible Etiological Variables
Some Areas Not Addressed - Some Roads Not Traveled
REFERENCES
TERMINOLOGIES OF AGGRESSION
Potential for Harm or Damage
Aversiveness
Utilities of Aggression
Different Tests for Animal Aggression
HETEROGENEOUS NATURE OF HUMAN AGGRESSION AND VIOLENCE
HORMONES AND AGGRESSION
NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
DEFINING "HORMONE"
STUDIES INVOLVING HORMONES AND "AGGRESSION"
STUDIES ON NONPRIMATES
INFRAHUMAN PRIMATE STUDIES
HUMAN DATA
INFRAHUMAN PRIMATE STUDIES
HUMAN DATA
INFLUENCES OF SEX HORMONES ON ADULT AGGRESSIVE MOTIVATION
STUDIES ON NONPRIMATES
INFRAHUMAN PRIMATE STUDIES
HUMAN DATA
BODILY RHYTHMS AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR
ADRENOMEDULLARY FUNCTION AND HUMAN AGGRESSION
EFFECTS OF HORMONES ON PERCEPTION
EXPERIENCE-INDUCED CHANGES IN HORMONAL STATUS OF THE RECEIVER
INFLUENCES OF FIGHTING ON ENDOCRINE FUNCTION IN MAMMALS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
NEUROSCIENCE PERSPECTIVE
TYPES OF AGGRESSIVE AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR
NEUROCHEMISTRY AND NEUROPHARMACOLOGY OF AGGRESSION AND VIOLENCE
Noradrenergic Correlates of Animal Aggression
Dopaminergic Correlates of Animal Aggression
Catecholaminergic Correlates Of Human Aggression And Violence
Neuropharmacologic Manipulations of Catecholamines
SEROTONIN
5-HT Correlates of Animal Aggression
Neuropharmacologic Manipulations of 5-HT in Animals
5-HT Correlates of Human Aggression and Violence
CONCLUDING STATEMENT
Gaba Correlates of Animal Aggression
Neuropharmacologic Modulation of GABA
ACETYLCHOLINE
ANTIPSYCHOTICS
ANTIDEPRESSANTS
Noradrenergic and Serotonergic Reuptake Blockers and MAO Inhibitors
Lithium
ANXIOLYTICS
GABAA-BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPTOR-CHLORIDE CHANNEL COMPLEX, AGGRESSION,
AND VIOLENCE
Beta-Blockers
Concluding Statement
REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES
EXPERIMENTAL STRATEGIES
SUGAR AND BEHAVIOR
SUGAR, HYPOGLYCEMIA, AND BEHAVIOR
SUGAR AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR
RESEARCH NEEDS FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF SUGAR ON VIOLENT
BEHAVIOR
SUGAR AND ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY
FOOD ADDITIVES AND ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BLOOD CHOLESTEROL AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR
REFERENCES
Index