The North Kharga Oasis Survey (NKOS) presents the results of
archaeological exploration carried out over seven years in the northern
part of Kharga Oasis, the largest and most southern oasis of Egypt’s
Western Desert. This area had seen limited archaeological exploration
until 2001, when NKOS began. NKOS has discovered and documented sites
dating to all eras, ranging from the Prehistoric to the Late Antique. They
include temporary camps, rock art sites, settlements, tombs, temples,
industrial areas, Roman forts, fields, complex irrigation systems, and a
network of routes that connect the sites together, as well as linking
Kharga to the Nile Valley, Dakhla Oasis, Sudan, and beyond. The
distribution, types of sites, and water acquisition strategies illustrate
the changing interactions between humans and the landscape, which has
fluctuated between wet and dry over time. Illustrated with maps, plans,
drawings and photographs, the archaeological heritage of North Kharga is
revealed for the first time.