The Theory of Constraints (TOC) has spread as a leading managerial philosophy during the last two decades. TOC is successfully implemented in thousands of companies and organizations, large and small, throughout the globe. It has been implemented in the areas of production, logistics, distribution, project management, research and development and sales and marketing. Implementation span across a multitude of sectors in all industries: the private and public sectors, flow manufacturing as well as job shop operations, start up companies as well as corporate America, for profit and not-for-profit organizations. Implemented properly, TOC leads to significant results in a relatively short time. However, contrary to the vast application of TOC in practice, TOC research published in refereed academic journals is lagging behind. TOC should be proven as a continuity of previous research rather than a stand alone new concept. TOC practitioners should seek for academic examination for the validity of the tools and the understanding of the implementation process. This book serves as a platform for TOC research and closes the gap between TOC and the academic world.