This title was first published in 2001. Globalization is a dominant feature of the end of the 20th century. One phenomenon characterizing the contemporary world is the increase in international population movements. These massive population flows have been facilitated by a series of factors, such as the development of communication, transport, technologies and global networks which have significantly contributed to the increased immigration of refugee workers and their families to developed countires - particularly to Western European countries. This volume examines citizenship in various European cities. The case studies presented here concentrate on the two fundamental notions of citizenship and participation. In the research project underpinning the book, "Multicultural Policies and Modes of Citizenship in European Cities (MPMC) researchers from a range of social science disciplines conducted comparative analyzes within various cities selected for the size and prominence of immigrant and ethnic minority groups.