Decades ago, Werner G. Kummel described the historical problem of Romans as its "double Character": concerned with issues of Torah and the destiny of Israel, the letter is explicitly addressed not to Jews but to Gentiles. At stake in the numerous answers given to that question is nothing less than the purpose of Paul's most important letter. In The So-Called Jew in Romans, nine Pauline scholars focus their attention on the rhetoric of diatribe and Characterization in the opening chapters of the letter, asking what Paul means by the so-called Jew" in Romans 2 and where else in the Ietter's argumentation that figure appears or is implied. Each component of Paul's argument is closely examined with particular attention to the-theological problems that arise in each. In addition to the editors, contributors are Runar M. Thorsteinsson, Magn us Zetterholm, Joshua D. Garroway, Matthew V. Novenson, and Michele Murray with a response by Joshua W. Jipp.