THE McKINLEY AND ROOSEVELT ADMINISTRATIONS 1897-1909 BY JAMES FORD 1U1OUES, LL. D., D. Lnra. A. UTJBOB OF THK HlftTQRY OF TItB UNITED STATES FROM THE OOMFROMJRtf OF 1H60TQTHR FINAL RESTORATION OF HOMB ATTHK BOVTH IV 1877 HISTORICAL E8BAYB I OT0RM ON THUS AMEBIOAN CIVIL WAR J LJVE180 AT OXFOltI H18TOBT 0 TH CIVIL WAR FROM HAYE8 TO THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1922 J. W rights reserved BY THE MACMILLAH OOMPAKTT, Set up and electrotypcdl Published November, igaa. J. S Ousldiiff Oo. Berwick Smith Co Norwood, Mass., U. S. A. CONTENTS CHAPTER I PAOH MABK HANNA 1 MABK HANNA SECURES McKiNLEYs NOMINATION ... 12 THE ST. Louis CONVENTION 13 McKlNLBY AND HANNA, BlMETAL LISTS 13 THE RESOLUTION OF THE CONVENTION FOE GOLD ... 15 NOMINATION OF McKiNLEY . . . . . . .16 GOLD AND SILVER 17 NOMINATION OF BRYAN 18 BRYAN AN EFFECTIVE CAMPAIGNER 20 COINS FINANCIAL SCHOOL 22 REPUBLICAN FIGHT AGAINST FREE SILVER .... 23 McKiNLEYs FRONT PORCH SPEECHES 25 McKiNLEYs ELECTION 29 CHAPTER II HANNAS FIGHT . . 30 SECRETARY SHERMAN 31 SENATOR HANNA, 35 THE DINGLEY TARIFF . .37 McKiNLEY AND ARBITRATION WITH GREAT BRITAIN, . 40 THE CUBAN QUESTION 41 CHAPTER III CLEVELAND AND CUBA 44 McKiNLEY AND CUBA 46 THE MAINE 49 THE PRESIDENTS ULTIMATUM TO SPAIN 53 SPANISH PROCRASTINATION 54 vi CONTENTS PAGE McKlNLEY AVERSE TO WAR 60 THE WAR MIGHT HAVE BEEN AVOIDED 62 DECLARATION OF WAR AGAINST SPAIN ..... 66 CHAPTER IV GEORGE DEWEY 69 BATTLE OP MANILA 73 GEORGE DEWEY. . . . . 75 GERMAN AND FRENCH OPINION 76 GERMAN ACTION 79 PROGRESS OF THE WAR 81 THEODORE ROOSEVELT .., ., .. 83 SAN JUAN HILL T 8S AMERICAN DEPRESSION, JULY 3 87 SPANISH DESPAIR 88 BATTLE OF SANTIAGO 91 DESTRUCTION OF THE SPANISH FLEET . . ... 93 THE ORIENT ........ . 96 THEDEFEAT OF SPAIN 97 CHAPTER V SPAIN RELINQUISHED CUBA .99 THE PROTOCOL 101 THE PHILIPPINES 102 SENATOR GRAYS OPINION 104 McKlNLEY AND THE PHILIPPINES . . . - . 106 THE MONROE DOCTRINE, 109 THE PHILIPPINE INSURRECTION . . . . . .,111 HAWAII 112 J. P. MORGAN 115 THE STEEL INDUSTRY 117 GOLD STANDARD LEGISLATION 119 JOHN HAY 120 HAY, SECRETARY OF STATE 124 CONTENTS vii PAGB THE OPEN DOOR 126 CHINA THE BOXER UPRISING 127 PEACE WITH CHINA 131 CHAPTER VI THE PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN OF 1900 132 THEODORE ROOSEVELT, VICE-PRESIDENT 135 WILLIAM J. BRYAN, DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE .... 136 THE CONTEST OF 1900 139 MARK HANNA 140 ROOSEVELT 141 THE ELECTION OF 1900 143 J. P. MORGAN 144 ANDREW CARNEGIE 145 UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION 148 ANDREW CARNEGIE 151 J. P. MORGAN 154 THE STOCK PANIC OF 1901 155 JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER 157 THE STANDARD OIL Co 159 McKiNLBYs SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS .... 169 ASSASSINATION OF McKiNLET 170 McKlNLBT AND THE TARIFF 173 McKiNLET AND ClVIL SERVICE REFORM ..... 174 CHAPTER VII PUERTO Rico 176 CUBA 177 THE PHILIPPINES 183 THE ANTI-IMPERIALISTS 188 THE SCHURMAN COMMISSION 190 THE FILIPINOS 194 ELIHU ROOT, SECRETARY OF WAR 195 THE TAFT COMMISSION 197 viii CONTENTS ROOTS INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . 198 END OF GUERILLA WARFARE ....... 202 TORTURE BY AMERICAN SOLDIERS ...... 203 ROOT, CREATOR TAPT, ADMINISTRATOR ..... 206 TAFT AND THE SUPREME COURT ..... 208 ROOSEVELT AND TAFT ..... ... 210 THE PHILIPPINES ......... 212 CAMERON FORBES ......... 213 ELIHU ROOT .......... 213 ARCHIBALD C. COOLIDGE ........ 215 CHAPTER VIII ROOSEVELT AS PRESIDENT ........ 218 THE NORTHERN SECURITIES CASE ...... 221 BOOKER WASHINGTON ........ 227 THE CHARLESTON EXPOSITION . ...... 231 ROOSEVELTS NEW ENGLANDTOUR . ..., . 233 ROOSEVELTS ACCIDENT ....., 235 CHAPTER IX THE ANTHRACITE COAL STRIKE OF 1902 ..... 238 ROOSEVELT HANNA BAER ....... 239 GROVER CLEVELAND ......... 240 ROOSEVELTS PLAN ......... 242 THE SETTLEMENT ......... 243 GERMANY VENEZUELA ........ 247 THE ALASKA BOUNDARY DISPUTE ...... 254 ROOSEVELTS IDEA OF THE BRITISH NAVY .... 260 CHAPTER X - THE FIRST HAY-PAUNCBFOTE TREATY ..... 261 THE SECOND HAY-PAUNCEFOTE TREATY ..... 262 THE PANAMA CANAL ......... 263 THE HAY-HERRAN TREATY ....... 266 THE PANAMA REVOLUTION .........