Bionanotechnology is an emerging multidisciplinary field fusing nanotechnology with biology. This book provides a survey of the most striking and successful approaches to produce biogenic nanodevices with emphasis on the use of microorganisms for production. Entire chapters are dedicated to the biotechnological production of tailor-made biopolymer-based self-assembled nanostructures such as biopolyester, cyanophycin inclusions and alginates, which can be processed into nanoparticles. Other chapters summarise recent developments in protein- and DNA-based nanodevice production. The book demonstrates the diversity of biological nanostructures, the implied design space and the enormous potential for applications in medicine, biotechnology, drug delivery and biocomputing.