This book introduces the concept of biomes, expansive ecological regions defined by climate and dominant flora, offering insights into their distribution and ecological roles. Covering tropical forests, grasslands, deserts, tundra, and wetlands, the book explores the distinct characteristics and functional traits of organisms within each biome. Although biomes span varied genetic compositions, the functional traits of dominant species within each biome type show remarkable similarities across regions. The text emphasizes that wetland biomes, such as marshes and shallow-water wetlands, require active management to prevent succession to forest wetlands, highlighting the importance of biodiversity conservation through dynamic, rather than passive, preservation strategies. This resource is designed for students and researchers interested in understanding the distribution and ecological significance of biomes and the necessity of sustainable management practices to protect biodiversity.