This second edition of a bestseller presents an up-to-date review of cytogenetics. It covers the latest in the various techniques in the handling of chromosomes, karyotype analysis, genetics of meiosis, genomic relationships, and chromosome manipulation. It includes new chapters on extra chromosomal inheritance and the mode of reproduction particularly apomixis in plants as well as new sections on the molecular basis of heredity, genomic in situ hybridization, and the classical and molecular method of genome analysis. The author also elaborates on the cytogenetic basis of somaclonal variation generated through cell and tissue culture. The book ends with the current status on GMO crops and the cause of gene silencing.