In the fields of psychological and brain sciences, there is a pressing need to enhance individual performance through tailored interventions, considering the unique cognitive and biological traits of humans. However, discovering such precision approaches has proven to be a challenging task. Traditional methods often fall short in providing personalized solutions; the lack of a comprehensive integration of domain expertise and human judgment inevitably limits the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) in optimizing human performance. As the demand for individualized training, health monitoring, and cognitive improvement rises, it becomes imperative to bridge the gap between AI capabilities and the specific needs of human subjects. Advances in Artificial and Human Intelligence in the Modern Era offers a groundbreaking solution to address the existing challenges in the intersection of AI and human performance optimization. This book delves into the latest empirical research, literature reviews, and methodological papers to present precision AI methods for personalized interventions. By exploring how domain expertise and human insights can improve AI's performance, the book establishes a comprehensive framework to model individual differences and develop effective, tailored AI strategies. Designed with care to be useful to academic scholars and researchers in psychological and brain sciences, computer science, and related disciplines, this book offers a multifaceted exploration of innovative advancements in artificial and human intelligence convergence. Through its diverse chapters covering topics such as detecting mental health issues, incorporating human intelligence into AI tools, improving trustworthiness, and exploring data standards, the book provides a definitive resource for harnessing the full potential of AI to optimize human performance. By merging expertise from both fields, the book sets the stage for a new era of individualized interventions that can revolutionize how we approach human cognitive enhancement, training, and overall well-being.