The world organizations, including national governments, have already recognized the importance of the Aichi Biodiversity Target, the Paris Agreement, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR), Low Carbon Society. Therefore, there is an urgent need to act locally to tackle socio-economic, socio-ecological, socio-hydrological, and environmental conservation concerns in changing environments on a local to global scale and need to promote scientific solutions and common knowledge to achieve harmony between nature and humans under the threat of global climate change and the post-Covid-19 pandemic situation. For this purpose, the SLD approach is needed towards environmental and social sustainability. However, the SLD approach is challenging in terms of supply and demand of natural resources, resource depletion, socio-economic inequality, biodiversity loss, and climate change risk from local to the global scale, which vary based on different socio-economic, political, geographical, and cultural factors. Therefore, this book will highlight the environmental and social sustainability research by taking the local/regional case study. This book would also highlights the importance of policy interface at a local to global scale for environmental and social sustainability (ESS) in changing environments.