In this book, a variety of experimental data on medicinal plants and their phytochemical techniques have been collected from research papers, lead articles, and review papers contributed by multiple researchers. With 35 chapters from experts in the field, the book covers a range of topics including the identification of medicinal plants through physical characteristics and spectroscopy (UV, IR, NIR, Mass, and NMR), as well as the antioxidant potential of mushrooms, seaweeds, and medicinal plants. Additionally, the book delves into the isolation of compounds from plants and their biological activities, as well as novel near infrared applications in natural products. Other topics covered include in silico studies of anti-inflammatory compounds, molecular docking of natural products, CNS depressant activity of medicinal plants, and isolation of antifungal proteins from medicinal plants. The book also covers plant tissue culture, in vitro cell line selection for enhanced production of secondary metabolites, and X-ray crystal structure analysis of compounds from medicinal plants. The synthesis and bioactivity of polycyclic spiroheterocyclic compounds are also explored in detail. This book will be of great value to students, scientists, researchers, and professionals in the fields of Plant Science, Pharmaceuticals, Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Forestry, and Horticulture.