This book, Applied Social Sciences: Economics and Politics, is a collection of quantitative and qualitative studies carried out in the field of economic and political sciences useful in the social sphere. Theoretical essays and empiric research attempt to explain some difficult economic and political phenomena such as need scale and true productivity, audit of financial statements, evaluation of students’ action on the labour market, the financing and quality of public higher education, resistance to change in the banking sector, power of redistribution systems, and intellectual investment through the prism of medical services efficiency. The book also contains studies that touch on themes related to social vulnerability, security in South-East Europe from the perspective of the Homeland Security concept, rationality and choice in public policies, a triptych of modernity (abolitionism, emancipation, and equality), as well as themes related to the restitution of cultural heritage to the peoples that have created it. The book provides theoretical and practical support to a wide variety of professionals in the department of socio-economic and political fields. The authors have structured accurate information so as to give the reader a real reflection of socio-economic and political phenomena. However, it is not restrictive: it is also useful and accessible to a wider audience interested in an interdisciplinary approach of socio-economic and political issues.