Many refugees of the Nazi period have attracted considerable scholarly attention. Einstein, Thomas Mann, Hannah Arendt, among others, are all famous examples. In contrast, little is known about the lives of more typical refugees, their everyday lives in exile and emigration, their daily pain, sorrow, and underlying strength. This study shows, for the first time, how refugee women during the Nazi period endured, examining their important role in the survival of their families, and the meaning of exile and emigration for their future lives and careers. Between Sorrow and Strength combines essays by noted scholars in the field with eyewitness reports from contemporaries. It reveals a great deal about the role of women in the history of Jewish, as well as non-Jewish, emigration from Europe during the Nazi era.