In medical ethics, discussions of justice have tended to focus on questions of inequality: how to secure equal access health care, and how to set priorities when resources are scarce. But to what extent should notions of justice inform these issues: Are all inequalities morally problematic? How important are moral concerns in setting priorities in health care and public health? How much inequality in health should we tolerate? The central issue that senior bioethicists Powers and Faden discuss in this book is which inequalities matter most. They develop a unique theory of social justice that can cope with the specific context of health care policy, although indeed it can also be applied to education, employment opportunities, and other social problems where resources are limited. Their approach rejects a utilitarian or distributive approach in favor of a six dimensional theory of well-being, arguing we are morally obligated to meet the needs of social groups that are least well-off in those dimensions.