Modern civil engineering structures incorporate complicated multimaterial components that require special monitoring through sophisticated non-destructive (NDE) tests, which must be drawn from a range of physical phenomena. This special collection of papers presents the latest developments in the practical application of NDE techniques to civil engineering materials and structures. With a focus on cutting-edge techniques, several papers deal with non-destructive void and corrosion detection of embedded post-tensioned cables on concrete elements. Other papers present research findings on NDE techniques for steel cables, early-age and mature reinforced-concrete elements, and fiber-composite sheets, where ultrasound, magnetism, infrared thermography, acoustic emission, and RADAR phenomena are applied.