In February 2016, a multidisciplinary team of geologists, biologists, social scientists, and local residents explored the rivers, forests, and human communities of a remote area in northern Amazonian Peru, along the Putumayo, Algodón, and Mutún rivers. This report describes the current status of the region’s plant, fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, and mammal communities, as well as the current and historical use of its rich natural resources by local indigenous and campesino communities. At the heart of the report is a series of recommendations for protecting the Putumayo region’s extraordinary cultural and biological diversity. The main text is in both Spanish and English, with executive summaries in Ocaina, Murui, and Maijuna.