Countries in Eastern-Europe are in a lengthy period of rapid changes. Ten Central and Eastern European countries entered the European Union in 2004 and two more entered in 2007. Surrounding countries to the east are in a similar process of change following the disintegration of the former Soviet Union. The transition processes were studied in a recent workshop resulting in this book. It is comprised of 13 contributions: four overview articles, one on the topic of animal welfare and eight country reports. The country reports come from a wide variety of countries in Eastern Europe and Asia: Slovakia, Poland, Baltic States, Russian Federation, Belarus, Ukraine, Caucasian countries and Central Asian countries. The country reports describe the transitions taking place in these countries. Both developments in the beef cattle sector and in the dairy chain are described with emphasis on the dairy chain situation. The authors are from a range of academic and professional backgrounds including universities, research and developmental institutions, farmers’ organisations, agribusiness and a marketing board. Some analyses are made and several critical points in development are signalled. Thus, barriers as well as opportunities for further development are mentioned and described in this book.