The choice of the sheets of Windsor, with the addition of five sheets from other collections, is motivated by a chronological outline that offers a synthetic summary of the results achieved by Leonardo in almost thirty years of assiduous researches in the fields of anatomy and physiology. The selection emphasizes how these researches can be ascribed to the influence of anatomy teaching from the Middle Ages up to the time of Leonardo, particularly in Bologna and with protagonists that range from Mondinus to Zerbi and from Achillini to Berengarius. It is the first time that these scientific studies are considered, compiling a catalogue, with particular attention to the relationship that they have with the artistic theories of Leonardo.