RECENT HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES OF THE UKfia SiP. 1865-192, . BY FREDERIC L. PAXSON Professor of History in the University of Wisconsin Sometime Major, G S., U. 8 A. Author The New Nation The History of the American Frontier Pulitzer 2 rise t 1924 Revised and Enlarged Edition HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY BOSTON NEW YORK - CHICAGO DALLAS SAN FRANCISCO QtoKibet to Cmnfatfogt PREFACE THIS book describes the transition of the United States from an agricultural civilization to one of industry, from a state of isolation to one of world eminence, from an America with European creditors to an America whose capital and influence penetrate the world. It is a history of the age we live in, taking up its story at the moment when the fighting of the Civil War ceased and the patriotic unities that had maintained the Nation were able to relax. It portrays the emergence of a new nation against the American back ground None can as yet describe or foretell the ultimate shape which that new nation will assume but it is already obvious that in the period since the Civil War we are deal ing with a new era in American history, in which there is generally lacking the dominant and moulding influence of the open West. I have elsewhere considered this earlier theme in The History of the American Frontier the parts of this present volume which most clearly present the contrast have to do with the rise and organization of an industrial society, FREDERIC L PAXSON MADISON, WISCONSIN CONTENTS CUAPTBR L TUK CONTROL OF THE UNION ..... i The right to hemlo Changing status of the State Fruits of victory- Meaning of Reconstruction End of the Civil War Restoration Home rule The army Financial reconstruc tion-The Civil Warin politics Population of the sections Lincoln V theory of the Union - - The rival theories Congress and Lincoln Andrew Johnson Republican xadicals Congress in control The veto and the two thirds Reconstruction Acts Fourteenth Amendment Tenure of office Impeachment of Johnbon Grant Bibliographical note. CHAITKK II. RKADJUSTMENT ........ 20 ivil War and the idea of nationality Frontier and post-frontier - Far Wtbt - The mineral empire The Indian problem Sioux War of i6a - Sand Creek, 1864 Fort Phil Kearney, 1866 Rail-KKul-lmiklinic and the Indiana Union Pacific Middle Western development Frontier finance Deflation Greenbacks Green back movement i The Ohio Idea Election of 1 868 Railroad control Italic of 1873 --Frontier economics Jay Cooke Grander movement Diplomatic reconstruction Mexico Ala bama claims Santo Domingo and Alaska Greeley and the Liberal Republican - YMit Mobilier Frauds Anti-Rcpub licaa drift vreenlmckeni Tilden 1 laycs Electoral con tent, 1876 Bibliographical note, CHAITBR HI. AMKRU N THOUGHT ...... 49 Education in the American life - Johns Hopkins and the educa tional rwwaeciue College education The Morrill Act educa tional enciownuuit - Denominational colleges The womens col-U K - Southern cttucation --Educational saturation The new chool of letters - The nxagjwsinea Mark Twain Henry James Chiblrwit literature The nepjro theme The European visitor - Kra of the centennials The frontier of history Bibliographical note. CUAPTKR IV, STAI, WAKT ANU HAtr-BRKsn .... 65 The Hftyui Administration The Hayes policies The Senate In revolt - Homo Rule in the South Status of the army Canada lifextot - Cutter and the Sioux Railroad strikes, 1877-J ator movement - The Molly MagulresStrikes of 1877 Now Hocittl theories Faction of Republican Party Hayes and the New York talwart Tlie Grant thiwl-term boom Blame, Sherman, or irant, iHBo Garfield and Arthur Greenback Party General Hancock and the Democrats The Surfirld Cabinet Conkling and the patronage Murder of uirficlci Hunter A. Arthur Bibliographical note. CHAPTER V. THE MATERIAL BASIS .........