Industrial chemistry of important oxides has developed very rapidly, and the new technologies are being introduced in all stages of oxide transformation, such as the metallurgy of ores (which includes aspects of recycling and environmentally friendly practices); the synthesis of fine powders (allowing the production of very pure and fine oxide powders useful for nano-structured materials with improved properties); and the functionalizing of products in 2-D and 3-D, including the processing of film and coating deposition and methods of sintering. The development results from many new applications of sintered bulk objects and coatings in biomedical, environmental, electronic, ceramic, chemical, and many other industries.