This volume complements, but does not duplicate, the history of the exegeses of Romans since the 19th century which have been repeatedly presented in the introductions of various commentaries on Romans. This collection of essays explores major interpretations of Romans by the following major figures: the philosopher, Immanuel Kant; the theologian Friedrich Schleiermacher, the biblical scholar Albert Schweitzer, the theologian Karl Barth, the political theologian Erik Peterson, and the biblical scholar Ernst Kasemann; and how they are related to the "new perspective" on Paul, introduced by Krister Stendahl. Rather than tracking changes in exegetical approaches and conclusions (with special attention to analytical choices) among the modern interpretations of Romans, this volume deliberately follows changes in hermeneutical/theological choices. Focusing exclusively in modern exegetical studies of Romans, the distinguished contributors consider interpretations of Romans by philosophers, by theologians, and by biblical scholars.