This textbook comprises 31 chapters, highlighting advancements in soil-plant systems to enhance nutrient use efficiency. Four primary themes are covered: 1) Introduction and Fundamentals of the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum and nutrient use efficiency, 2) Soil management for improved nutrient use efficiency, including physical, chemical, biological, and agronomic aspects, 3) Plant physiological, genetic, and molecular biological factors contributing to improved nutrient uptake and use efficiency, and 4) The impact of climate change on soil and plant systems for improving nutrient use efficiency. Additionally, the book includes several chapters that focus on analytical techniques and instrumentation for studying nutrient use efficiency in relation to physico-chemical and biological parameters.