Advanced materials and their applications based on nanotechnology and piezoelectric approaches are a tremendous interest in modern science and techniques. This book presents processing techniques, physics, mechanics, and applications of novel materials. The book concentrates on some nanostructures, ferro- and magnetoelectric crystals, materials and composites, materials for solar cells and polymeric composites. There are present nanotechnology approaches, modern piezoelectric techniques, and also studies of the structure-sensitive properties of the materials. Great attention is devoted to novel devices with high accuracy, longevity and extended possibilities to work with wide temperature and pressure ranges, which show characteristics defined by used materials and composites with improved properties opening new possibilities in the study of various physical processes, in particular the transmission and receipt of signals under water.