3D ultrasound shows a still image of a foetus, far more detailed than the 2D flat grey scale imaging. 4D ultrasound is more advanced, showing a moving image, allowing obstetricians to evaluate foetal well-being. It is also used by gynaecologists to examine uterine anomalies.



This book is a practical guide to the use of 3D and 4D ultrasound in obstetrics and gynaecology.



Divided into three sections, the text begins with an introduction to ultrasound, its working and application, its function, software, and volume calculation tools.



Section Two covers clinical applications of volume ultrasound in obstetrics, explaining its use during the first trimester, for foetal abnormalities, for functional assessment of foetal brain development, and in labour.



The final section discusses the application of ultrasound in gynaecology, covering uterine abnormalities, adnexal lesions, and in infertility.



The book concludes with an appendix detailing different terms used by different brands.



Key points





Practical guide to use of 3D and 4D ultrasound in obstetrics and gynaecology
Provides detailed explanation of ultrasound working, function and software
Covers different uses of ultrasound for foetal monitoring, gynaecological disorders, and infertility
Highly illustrated with detailed ultrasound images