Research on nutrition has grown into one of the most challenging and innovative health-related scientific disciplines during the past decade. New advances in basic and applied nutritional research help to emphasize several health challenges of the global population. In this book, authors present current research in the study of nutrition and human health. Topics discussed here include the correlation between obesity and iron deficiency anemia; the role of exercise, inflammation and chronic disease in zinc transport; protein supplementation in an athletic environment; efficacy and safety of dietary guanidinoacetic acid and methyl donor loading; the utilization of new creatine formulations in human nutrition; the evaluation of medicinal plant antioxidants and anti-inflammatory activities; the role of edible wild plants in human nutrition; factors influencing fruit and vegetable consumption in adolescents; and novel perspectives in physical inactivity-related mechanisms of sarcopenia.