In 1962 in the series Handbuch der Urologie - Encyclopedia of Urology - Ency- clopedie d'Urologie the roentgen examination of the kidney and ureter was extensively presented by the present author in collaboration with Gosta Jonsson. The roentgen exa- mination of the distal genital tract and the male genital organs was presented by Lind- blom and Romanus. In the corresponding series Handbuch der Medizinischen Radiologie - Encyclopedia of Medical Radiology ten years later, we have arrived at the publication of the roentgeno- logy of the kidney and the urinary tract. It was felt expedient that the entire chapter on urologic roentgenology be revised by the present author on the basis of a greatly enlarged current material from the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. This hospital is a regional university hospital for a population of approxi- mately 1,200,000 inhabitants in southern Sweden. Patients with specific problems for qualified diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are referred to Lund from other hospitals within the region, both central and local hospitals, and consulting cases are sent from very wide distances.