This book fills a significant gap in the literature by outlining a legal framework for international forensic investigations. It focuses particularly on mass grave exhumations, and explores the important role that has been played by forensic experts in the prosecution of core international crimes. The work examines the place of forensic exhumations in a number of key international criminal tribunals. It traces the role of forensic science in the international arena from the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, where it was peripheral, to its evolution as a critical part of accountability mechanisms, as demonstrated by the forensic programmes undertaken by the International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. This interdisciplinary study explores how strong, and how constrained, the legal framework is when addressing the question of forensic science where there are allegations of mass atrocities and raises important issues that are not sufficiently addressed by the existing framework.