This doctoral thesis discusses the Finnish and European discourses on the internationalisation of higher education and the roles of the University. The thesis aims to understand the ways in which the roles and tasks of the University are played out in the competitive knowledge society in Finland and the European Higher Education Arena. The competitive knowledge society is seen as a dominant political rationality within which changes in the University as a social institution can be evaluated and discussed. The research’s starting point is the representation of internationalisation as a change in the University and as an indication of its responsiveness. Discourse analytical strategies were used to analyse the empirical data used in the research. Institutional theory and governmentality theory were utilised to make sense of the University as a social institution and the competitive knowledge society as a dominant political rationality, and the way these two framework conditions relate to the discourses. Six discourses were identified in the empirical analysis. The three Internationalisation discourses were named the internationalisation as individual growth ­discourse, the internationalisation as rethinking the university ­discourse and the internationalisation as opening up the country ­discourse. They provided answers to the questions about what higher education internationalisation is and what its consequences are, from the perspective of the individual, the university and the nation. The three University discourses were named the science and knowledge -discourse, the civilisation and wellbeing -discourse and the competition and competitiveness -discourse. The University discourses represent legitimations of the University in the knowledge society. They describe the reasons why the University is needed in society, what the University contributes to it, and what a “true” University is like. The representations of internationalisation, or the roles and tasks of the University and its identity as an institution in a competitive knowledge society, are not singular or homogenous. Instead they are constructed of several different co-existing and complementary discourses. Although the University contribution to competition and competitiveness makes a strong constitutive and legitimating discourse, other discourses and other legitimations live side by side with it.