The pioneer studies on the biomechanics of martial arts were published in the 1960s and 1970s. After that, several other biomechanical studies have been conducted about martial arts and other related combat sports using a variety of different measures and methods, especially in the last decade. In general, these studies were concerned with: quantifying performance and investigating how to improve it; understanding of injury mechanisms and prevention; and investigating potential benefits from training martial arts and combative sports to the general population. This book presents a comprehensive review on this subject.