Controversies and trends have been a constant presence in nephrology. Likewise, since its inception and throughout its development, renal replacement therapy has been shrouded in an atmosphere of uncertainty, always with an eye on the future. Renal Replacement Therapy: Controversies and Future Trends is a collection of independent chapters written by eminent authors, focused on topics relevant to modalities of renal replacement therapy. This book addresses controversies and future trends in peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, and kidney transplantation. It covers issues from kidney patient education to new technologies in end stage renal disease management, including trends in arteriovenous access, convective therapies, the concept of incremental hemodialysis, fluid overload in hemodialysis and iron therapy. Regarding renal transplantation, it discusses a variety of subjects, highlighting xenotransplantation, organ bioengineering, immunosuppressive therapies, and living donor bioethics issues. This book may appeal to nephrologists and physicians involved with renal replacement therapy and all those interested in the advances and challenges still facing medicine. It is, at the same time, a didactical textbook providing valuable and updated medical information and also represents the current thinking of great authors of our time on the subject. To a certain extent, it will also have historical value and may be considered a landmark of ideas in the field of nephrology.