In response to the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), the National Research Council appointed a committee operating under the auspices of the Naval Studies Board to study the national security implications of climate change for U.S. naval forces. In conducting this study, the committee found that even the most moderate current trends in climate, if continued, will present new national security challenges for the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. While the timing, degree, and consequences of future climate change impacts remain uncertain, many changes are already underway in regions around the world, such as in the Arctic, and call for action by U.S. naval leadership in response.


The terms of reference (TOR) directed that the study be based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios and other peer-reviewed assessment. Therefore, the committee did not address the science of climate change or challenge the scenarios on which the committee's findings and recommendations are based. National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces addresses both the near- and long-term implications for U.S. naval forces in each of the four areas of the TOR, and provides corresponding findings and recommendations. This report and its conclusions are organized around six discussion areas—all presented within the context of a changing climate.

Table of Contents


Front Matter
Summary
1 Introduction
2 Naval Capabilities and Potential Climate-Change-Related Operational Issues
3 Infrastructure Issues
4 Allied Forces' and Partners' Issues
5 Climate-Change-Related Technical Issues Impacting U.S. Naval Operations
6 Future Research and Development Needs
Appendixes
Appendix A: Terms of Reference
Appendix B: Acronyms and Abbreviations
Appendix C: Biographies of Committee Members and Staff
Appendix D: Letter Report to the U.S. Navy