The field of signal processing has seen exponential growth during the past decade, as remarkable innovations both in research and application have been made. The applications of signal processing are numerous and include audio signal processing, biomedical engineering, multimedia, video signal processing, pattern analysis, pattern recognition, artificial intelligence, decision making, control systems, and many more. In the past few years, a new wave of advanced signal-processing techniques has delivered exciting results, increasing systems capabilities of efficiently exchanging data and extracting useful knowledge from them. The theory and applications of signal processing are concerned with the identification, modelling and utilisation of patterns and structures in a signal process. This book is aimed to provide a self-contained introduction to the subject as well as offering a set of invited contributions, which we see as lying at the cutting edge of both empirical and computational aspects of signal processing research. This book was born from discussions with researchers in the signal processing community and aims to provide a snapshot of some current trends and future challenges in signal processing research. This book presents state-of-the-art and recent research results on the application of advanced signal processing techniques for improving the value of signal, image and video data. The book is likely to be of interest to post graduate students, researchers, engineers, and professors - in the field of signal processing. This book is organized into 13 chapters, covering diverse applications of signal processing research.