This book examines the significant issues of food security and the sustainability of natural resources in India in light of projected climate change. As agroecosystems serve as areas where humans and the natural environment interact, climate change is expected to have a significant impact on the resources, crop productivity, input use efficiency, and overall profitability of agricultural production systems. However, the adverse effects of climate change can be reduced through the implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies, which are crucial due to Indias increasing population and food demand. This book discusses potential sources and sinks of greenhouse gases in the Indian context, including soil carbon sequestration, crop pest and soil management, and scientific livestock management as mitigation and adaptation options. Additionally, the book covers fundamental topics about the greenhouse effect and the ways in which soil nutrient availability may change as a result of CO2 fertilization. The book also includes illustrative schematic diagrams, tables, and graphs. The possibility of earning carbon credits and engaging in carbon trading through best management practices may benefit Indian farmers in the future. This book is valuable for researchers, farm managers, policymakers, and students who are studying climate change.